DIN 58243-1982 医疗器械；Kocher型肠钳

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodsforDeterminingMechanicalIntegrityofPhotovoltaicModules
【原文标准名称】:测定光电压模数的机械一体性的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME1830-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E44.09
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:cyclicloads;cycling;ice;load;mechanicalintegrity;modules;performance;photovoltaics;snow;solarenergy;static;twist;wind;Performance--photovoltaicdevices/applications;Cyclicloading;Ice;Mechanicalanalysis/testing;Modules;Photovoltaic(
【摘要】:Theusefullifeofphotovoltaicmodulesmaydependontheirabilitytowithstandperiodicexposuretohighwindforces,cyclicloadsinducedbyspecificsiteconditionsorshipmentmethods,highloadscausedbyaccumulatedsnowandiceonthemodulesurface,andtwistingdeflectionscausedbymountingtonon-planarsurfacesorstructures.Theeffectsonthemodulemaybephysicalorelectrical,orboth.Mostimportantly,theeffectsmaycompromisethesafetyofthemodule,particularlyinhighvoltageapplications,orwherethepublicmaybeexposedtobrokenglassorotherdebris.Thesetestmethodsdescribeproceduresformountingthetestspecimen,conductingtheprescribedmechanicaltests,andreportingtheeffectsofthetesting.Themountingandfasteningmethodshallcomplywiththemanufacturer''srecommendationsascloselyaspossible.Ifslotsormultiplemountingholesareprovidedonthemoduleframeforoptionalmountingpointcapability,theworst-casemountingpositionsshallbeselectedinordertosubjectthemoduletothemaximumstresses.Ifanunframedmoduleisbeingtested,themoduleshallbemountedinstrictaccordancewiththemanufacturer''sinstructionsusingtherecommendedattachmentclips,brackets,fastenersorotherhardware,andtightenedtothespecifiedtorque.Thetestspecimenismountedonatestbaseinaplanarmanner(unlessspecifiedotherwise),simulatingafieldmountingarrangementinordertoensurethatmodulesaretestedinaconfigurationthatisrepresentativeoftheiruseinthefield.Duringthetwisttest,themoduleismountedinamannersimulatinganon-planarfieldmountingwhereoneofthefasteningpointsisdisplacedtocreateanintentionaltwistof1.2x00B0;.Dataobtainedduringtestingmaybeusedtoevaluateandcomparetheeffectsofthesimulatedenvironmentsonthetestspecimens.Thesetestmethodsrequireanalysisofbothvisibleeffectsandelectricalperformanceeffects.Effectsonmodulesmayvaryfromnochangestosignificantchanges.Somephysicalchangesinthemodulemaybevisibleeventhoughtherearenoapparentelectricalperformancechanges.Conversely,electricalperformancechangesmayoccurwithnovisiblechangeinthemodule.Allconditionsofmeasurement,effectsofthetestexposure,andanydeviationsfromthesetestmethodsmustbedescribedinthereportsothatanassessmentoftheirsignificancecanbemade.Ifthesetestmethodsarebeingperformedaspartofacombinedsequencewithothermechanicalornonmechanicaltests,theresultsofthefinalelectricaltest(7.2)andvisualinspection(7.3)fromonetestmaybeusedastheinitialelectricaltestandvisualinspectionforthenexttest;duplicationofthesetestsisunnecessaryunlesssospecified.Somemoduledesignsmaynotuseanyexternalmetalliccomponentsandthuslackagroundpointdesignationbythemodulemanufacturer.Inthesecases,thegroundpathcontinuitytestisnotapplicable.1.1Thesetestmethodscoverproceduresfordeterminingtheabilityofphotovoltaicmodulestowithstandthemechanicalloads,stressesanddeflectionsusedtosimulate,onanacceleratedbasis,highwindconditions,heavysnowandiceaccumulation,andnon-planarinstallationeffects.1.1.1Astaticloadtestto2400Paisusedtosimulatewindloadsonbothmodulesurfaces1.1.2Astaticloadtestto5400Paisusedtosimulateheavysnowandiceaccumulationonthemodulefrontsurface.1.1.3Atwisttestisusedtosimulatethenon-planarmountingofaphotovoltaicmodulebysubjectingittoatwistangleof1.2【英文标准名称】:StandardTerminologyofGlassandGlassProducts
【原文标准名称】:玻璃和玻璃制品的标准术语
【标准号】:ASTMC162-2004
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:玻璃制品;定义;术语;玻璃
【英文主题词】:definitions;glass;glassproducts;terminology;definition
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:Y22
【国际标准分类号】:01_040_81;81_040_01
【页数】:14P;A4
【正文语种】:英语